Which courts are tribunals created by Congress to handle specialized types of cases?

Article I courts are indeed tribunals established by Congress to manage specialized types of cases. These courts have been created to address particular areas of law, such as bankruptcy, tax, and military matters. They operate under the authority granted to Congress in Article I of the U.S. Constitution, which allows for the establishment of courts inferior to the Supreme Court.

These courts differ from Article III courts, which are established under a different constitutional provision and include the Supreme Court and other federal courts, focusing primarily on general jurisdiction. Article I courts do not have the same lifespan as Article III courts, which can serve for life, and they often have a more limited jurisdiction defined by specific statutory mandates.

State courts are separate systems that operate within individual states and handle a wide array of cases, including civil and criminal matters, but they do not fall under the same creation as federal Article I courts.

In summary, Article I courts are specialized, congressionally established tribunals designed to handle specific legal issues, setting them apart from the other types of courts mentioned in the context of U.S. judicial structure.