Which article of the U.S. Constitution established the U.S. Supreme Court?

The U.S. Supreme Court is established by Article III of the U.S. Constitution. This article outlines the judiciary branch of the federal government, defining its structure and granting judicial power to the Supreme Court and lower courts as determined by Congress. Article III also establishes the criteria for the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court, the parameters for federal judges, and their terms of service.

Understanding the foundational role of Article III is essential, as it emphasizes the importance of an independent judiciary in maintaining the rule of law and providing checks and balances within the federal government. The specifics laid out in Article III serve to ensure that the highest court in the nation has the authority to interpret the Constitution and federal laws, making it a crucial element of the legal system in the United States.