What does "judge-made law" refer to?

"Judge-made law" refers to decisions made by judges that establish legal precedents. This type of law arises from the interpretation of statutes, legal principles, or constitutional provisions by the judiciary. When judges decide cases, their rulings can create binding legal principles that other courts follow in future cases, particularly in common law systems. This process contributes to the development of law and ensures that legal interpretations remain consistent over time.

While laws passed by the legislative branch, regulations created by administrative agencies, and constitutional amendments are all important components of the legal system, they are not created through judicial rulings. Legislative laws are established by elected representatives, administrative regulations are formulated by government agencies to implement statutes, and constitutional amendments require a formal process for their adoption. In contrast, "judge-made law" emphasizes the role of the judiciary in shaping the law through case law and interpretations that build upon previous rulings.