The process by which an appellate court reviews a lower court's decision is called:

The process by which an appellate court reviews a lower court's decision is referred to as an appeal. In an appeal, the higher court evaluates the record of the lower court's proceedings, examining whether there were legal errors that could have affected the outcome of the case. This allows the appellate court to affirm, reverse, or modify the decision made by the lower court, ensuring that legal standards and procedures were properly applied.

In contrast, trial refers to the initial examination of evidence and legal arguments presented by parties in a case, essentially the first stage of the judicial process rather than a review. Jurisdiction pertains to the court's authority to hear a case and make legal rulings, which is not specifically about the review process. Litigation refers to the overall process of taking legal action or resolving disputes in court, encompassing all legal proceedings, rather than the specific act of reviewing a decision. Thus, appeal is the most accurate term for the reviewing process conducted by appellate courts.